case study 2

a. Personal Data Summary

Name :                           Nicole Gabe Valdez

Age:                                 5 yrs old

Gender:                         Female

Birth order:                 Youngest

Grade Level:               Nursery

School's Name:          Saint Joseph School

Family Background

Father's name:           Noli Valdez

Mother's name:          Grace Valdez

Siblings:                        Nica Valdez
                                          Marco Valdez

b. Joining process

             The client is one of my tutor child. Her mother told me to observe her child because according to her mother, her development is late compared to other children. The mother found out that i'm already building good relationship to her child and asked me if i can be able to diagnose her daughter's problem in terms of academic and to some of her behavior.

              

c. Presenting problem

             According to her family, the client has little attention span in listening. When she is talking to other person, her attention is shifting to other things. In terms of writing, the client find it hard to hold the pencil appropriately and doesn't have the control to it. Even in some little things, late development of the child can be seen. Nicole (name of the client) is fond of laughing which sometimes her mother doesn't know her reasons. Based on her mother, in terms of intellectual aspect, her child is really not much interested to learn.

             With regards to the client's behavior, based on her mother, the client is very submissive to them but sometimes uncontrolled of her body movements.

D. Psychosocial History

d.1 Timeline

          In the first event in the timeline, the client was not exposed to its outside environment like playing with other children. She usually plays with her selected cousins only.

          Her mother said that when Nicole was 3 years old, she usually caught them quarelling with her husband. Whenever the client see her mother crying, she shows anger to her father by punching him.

          When Nicole reached the age 4, she started to love eating. When not given her want foods, she shows aggresiveness.

          As her father left his family to work abroad, the client child started to change her behavior towards her father whenever he is going back home. 

d.2 Genogram

               The genogram shows that the relationship of the family of the client child doesn't have problem towards the client child. The child has the characteristics of being lovable that's why she doesn't have problem towards her family. Even her family, they don't have problems in their relationship. When there are chances to visit each other, they usually do so.  

d.3 Sociogram

                The client child doesn't have problems in relationship towards her classmates. According to her Teacher, Nicole is sometimes withrawn to her classmates but doesn't create any trouble inside their classroom.  

Family Sociogram

       As the sociogram shows above, the client child doesn't have prolems in relationship towards her family. According to her family, Nicole is very sweet but sometimes uncontrolled in her body movements.

d.4 Personality Dynamics for Self-Mastery

            The client, according to her mother is very interested in cooking. She likes helping her mother in cooking. She showed much interests as she gets chair to reach their kitchen just to see how her mother cooks. She usually sings even though the lyrics of the song is not clear. She is also interested in coloring objects.

             Based on my interview to the client's mother, Nicole finds it hard to write her name even though she likes coloring. She can't memorize letters easily.

d.5 Personality Dynamics for Relationship

        Based on her family, Nicole is a very sweet child. She doesn't have any problem with regards to her relationship towards her family.

          But according to her teacher, Nicole sometimes isolate herself to her other classmates.

d. 6 Personality Dynamics for Action

       Nicole is an obedient child as identified by her family. When she is instructed by her mother, she doesn't complain. Sometimes, when her oldest sister complains to their mother she is doing the task as a replacement of her sister.

E. Theoretical Framework

                   The environment that surrounds the client palys an important role to the children. When the client child is so attached to any people or events, when lost, it can also be a source of his maladaptive behavior. There are many people responsible for the molding of the client's character not just only the teachers or the parents, but also everyone.

                   Because the parents of the client were busy working, they don't time for their daughter. And by this, the client child have difficulty in remembering things and also in acquiring basic knowledge. By this reason, the client is undergoing late development compared to other children. Scaffolding which proposed by Lev Vygotsky is one suggested process of helping and supporting the client's needs.

                    Her social relation is also one great factor, it includes her family, teacher and peers.

F. Prognosis

           According to Alfred Adler, "pampering is said to be the greatest curse that can be visited upon the child." Pampered children do not develop social feeling; they become despots who expect society to their self-centered wishes. Neglecting the child to experience conviction to their society has unfortunate consequences. It is also connected to the theory of Erik Fromm wherein he believes that a person feels lonely and isolated because she has become separated from nature and from other people. The child for example, gains freedom from the primary ties with the result that it feels isolated and helpless. The serf eventually secured his freedom only to find himself adrift in a predominantly alien world. As a serf, she belong to someone and had a feeling of being related to the world and to other people, even though she was not free. It is important that a child should unite with other people in the spirit of love and shared work.

            According to Karen Horney, "children eventually experience anxiety, helplessness and vulnerability. Without loving guidance to help children learn to cope with threats imposed by nature and society, they may develop the basic anxiety that is Horney's primary theoretical concept. Basic anxiety refers to the feeling a child has of being isolated and helpless in a potentially hostile world. Horney suggested that anything that disturb the security of the child in relation to his or her parents produces basic anxiety.

           Vygotsky developed the scaffolding theory. Scaffolding theory describes social and instructional support for students learning new concepts, comparable to structures erected alongside newly constructed buildings. Assigning tasks that are likely intriguing to the student and sessions designed to enrich cognitive and social skills are typical of advanced scaffolding.

G. Therapeutic Plan

G.1   Knowledge Building

                  At the end of the case, the client child must be able to build knowledge about:

         1. her self-worth towards her family and to her society.

         2.  basic knowledge of learning such as, basic writing, reading and arithmetic with longer span attention according to the client's development.

G.2   Skills Building

                 At the end of the case, the client child must be able to build skills about:

          1. controlling her body movements appropriate to the tasks assigned to her

          2. proper way of talking to adult

G.3   Attitude Building

                 At the end of the case, the client child must be able to build attitude about:

          1. controlling her emotions and show love of learning. 

G. TherapeuticInterventions

 

I. Therapeutic Progress

J. Therapeutic Result

                         Based on the information gathered through the case study conducted about the behavior of the client, I have understood further the nature of the client. The family became more understanding and supportive in identifying the maladaptive behavior of the client and how it will be changed.   

                         As a result of the interventions conducted, the objectives of the case study have achieved. The client child can now be able to control her emotions and her body movements. By proper nurturance of the family, the client child can now be able to absorb every learning that she is studying. 

                      The client child can now remember and perform the fundamentals in learning such as, basic writing, reading and arithmetic.

K. Summary

                   The client child is one of my tutor child. The mother of the client referred Nicole (name of the client child) to be observed to give appropriate interventions to help the client child to develop well. through the use of different therapy and by the guidance of the well known theories, I come up with a good result. 

                     

                   With regards to her family, the client child possesses a good character of being sweet and friendly. She doesn't have any problem with regards to her relationship to her family but sometimes withdrawn to her classmates.

                    From my interview to the client child, I've gathered data where the client said that she always being teased by some of her classmates that's why sometimes she is withdrawn from them. 

                    Through the use of the different style of teaching where the client child is not used to it, the client child started to feel that she is starting to enjoy learning. 

 Recommendation

 

                    Children have different learning styles where they can easily learn. They also have different interest in learning. I recommend that the client child should not be compared with other children. 

                    I also recommend that the family should give time for the client child to properly guide their children. 

                  The teacher should also be knowledgeable about the learning styles of their students and should not give quick judgment without a careful study about them. That is why I strongly recommend all teachers to invite the student to participate in the class. It is very important that teachers encourage students because students will benefit from it. 

 Conclusion

              Based on the data gathered through careful case study, I conclude that every children are unique from each other. God have created us very unique. Everybody is a teacher on their own way of affecting lives of others. Each of us plays an important role in every lives we are connected. 

                     The client child is usually misunderstood by some of her peers and even her family and her teachers. the reason why the client child have late development in her cognitive development is that she was not that exposed to opportunities of learning like reading together with her family and writing with guidance of her parents. Those things are essential in the development of every children.   

L. Implication to Education and Assessment

             Among the greatest of all services that can be rendered by men to Almighty God, is the education and training of children. Schools are one of the first places where kid’s behavior and future educational success is shape. Teachers are carriers of either positive or negative behavior toward students. The reason why the first years of school are so critical is because kids learn the base of their educational life.

              The teacher must create a warm and protective environment but at the same time professional. If students feel secure in the classroom the result will be shown in the academic progress. A good star could be a mutual trust with each student. Teaches have the responsibility to know his/her students in the classroom. Each day, the teachers show one of their attitudes that the students are unaware. 

                    Teacher should also have fun with the students. Kids learn faster when they feel attracted to an exciting lesson. Teachers must not forget that kids get born fast that is why creative lessons must be plane ahead. I believe a teacher should also be someone who guides student rather than someone who is a totalitarian in the classroom. The teacher needs to show respect toward the students so the students also respect the teacher. Therefore, teachers need to create a curriculum that guides students to a path of success. Consequently, they need to receive guiding depending on their students need. 

   

                    Sometimes, the teacher’s caring attitudes could have a long positive or negative influence on students. Student’s self-esteem could be lift up because it could create ambitions in their minds for future academic success. 

                    As a teacher it is our responsibility to find out what is going on with the students in the classroom. Kids deep in their hearts feel that teachers could help them but sometimes they are afraid to ask the teacher.  The students prefer to talk to their friends about their problems and sometimes teachers are the last person to find out about the problem. Sometimes is the teacher’s foul that students do not seek his/her help because sometimes the teachers do not form a bound of communication. The teachers must let students know how she feels when students do not trust her maybe it would help students to change their minds about telling the teacher his/her problem. 

                    All teachers have the key to provide a good environment for the students. The benefits of having a pleasant environment are for the teacher and students. But before that happens a teacher needs to be well prepared in order that the students receive the best treat. It is essential and crucial for teachers to be prepared because the first years of school are very important for the students. The future education success of the students depends on their first years. Consequently, the contact of the students with the teacher is an everyday act. Even though, there will be some days in which students will have impropriate but other days where there will not be a problem at all. As humans, sometimes teachers do things that are not correct however we always have another chance to do it better. In conclusion, I strongly believe that teachers need to show respect, caring, become role models, make a pleasant environment, treat students right, instructs them but not be totalitarian, and guides them through the road of success. The only who gets the benefits are the students and sometimes it could be a negative or positive.

Case Study

a. Personal Data Summary

Name:                            Arsenio Mabutas De Asis
Age:                                 14 yrs. old
Gender:                         Male
Grade level:                Grade 3
School's name:          Rene Cayetano Elementary School
Birth Order:               Youngest


Family Background


Father's name:           Edmundo Sacay De Asis (deceased)
Mother's name:          Veronica Mabutas De Asis (deceased)
Siblings:                        Justin De Asis
                                          Jackelyn De Asis
Guardian:                    Pstra. Mila De Asis

b. Joining process

             As identified by his guardian, Pstra. Mila De Asis, the client is aggressive in a way that he is inexpressive to his wants and needs. his behavior according to the family is easy to get angry.
            For these reasons, the client is being referred to be my client by his guardian to undergo appropriate therapy for his maladaptive behavior.

c. Presenting problem

         Being an adolescent, his family described the client as extremely aggressive. through their strong description about the behavior of the client, it seems that the client is really experiencing problems which he is not sharing to anyone. his immediate change of behavior is unpredictable. his guardian believed that the death of the client's father can also be one source of the client's problem. as a result, when he is getting annoyed or irritated, he easily punches them and the worst, threatened them by getting knife or anything similar to it. 

d. Psychosocial History

d.1 Timeline

         4 years old    8 years old           10 years old            11 years old

 - death of his ,       -  first attended       - stopped attending      - He and his family went 

  mother on           formal schooling,     school when he was      to Manila and lived    in  

  year 2001          year 2005                    grade 3, year 2007       their relatives, 

                                                                                                              year 2009

         12 years old             13 years old           13 1/2 years old     14 years old

      - he attended school   - he was trans-        - he first attended      - Death of his father,

       again but got back       ferred to ano-           Sunday School in     June 27, 2010

       to grade 1 again,          ther school            Good News Christian

       year 2009                     from private           Church, year 2010

                                              to public, year 

                                              2010                      

               Most of the significant events in time line seemed to be more negative. These are possible reasons of the maladaptive behavior of the client. Negative events happened almost every year. This made me predict that the client may experience trauma to the negative events happened in his life.

d.2 Genogram

       Both of the parents of the client were now dead. As seen in the genogram above, there's nothing wrong about the relationship of the client and to other family members.




d.3 Family Sociograph

      Even though the client is very aggressive, he is not the least chosen by the members of his family as shown in the sociograph. Jackelyn, elder sister of the client, is the least chosen by the member of the family. the client said that he really don't like his elder sister and his cousin thyn because they usually annoys and scolds him.

classmates sociograph

          Out of 24 students, only one chose the client as one of his friends. no students stated that they are having bad relation towards the client. Those students whom chosen by the client did not choose the client in the top three of their friends.

d.4 Personality Dynamics for Self-Mastery

             The client can be able to determine if he have done something that is not permissible by the authorities but still does whenever no one is around. The child can undersdand scriptures from the Bible but lacking of application is observable.

d.5 Personality Dynamics for Relationship

       Based on the information gathered, he has good relationshiptowards his friends but not to his family. He is very resentful to his elder sister and sually have quarrels together. He is not expressive to his family members. Only his friends know what he usually does outside.

d. 6 Personality Dynamics for Action

              When he is in the good mood, he doesn't complain about anything ut just obey what was being commanded. When being scolded, he is not shouting or say any bad words, he is showing his disobedience in some ways.

               He is not expressive to his family that's why his family doesn't know the reason of his maladaptive behavior. He can be only express his emotions through aggressive behavior like kicking, punching and throwing objects.

            

E. Theoretical Framework

             The environment that surrounds the client greatly affect the behavior of the child. When he is so attach to any people or events, when lost, it can also be a source of his maladaptive behavior. There are many people responsible for the molding of the client's character not just only the teachers or the parents, but also everyone.

F. Prognosis

Summary of Reality Therapy

 William Glasser

INTRODUCTION

                Reality therapy emphasizes that people are capable of changing their fate if they will live in reality. This therapy is not complicated and easy to understand unlike other therapy. It is simple yet not simplistic. The basis of this theory is on an explanation of brain functioning or control theory which accounts for human behavior. Based in the control theory, we act to an attempt to fulfill our current needs:  belonging, power, pleasure, freedom, and survival. Through the process of reality therapy, clients learn more about effective path to satisfy their needs.

Brief Biography

                William Glasser was born in Cleveland, Ohio on May 11, 1925. Little has been known about Glasser’s childhood but he described it as uneventful and happy. While still a student of Case Institute of technology, he married Naomi Judith Silver. After he graduated, his advisers rejected his dissertation. He gained admission to medical school at Western Reserve University. He began experimenting with the alternative treatment to the traditional psychoanalytic procedures.

View of Human nature

• Reality therapists first establish a warm and trusting relationship with their client. This is done to help clients evaluate choices they make to meet the basic needs that all humans have for belonging, power, freedom, and enjoyment.
• The view of human nature in reality therapy is that all needs are internal and that human beings act on the world purposefully to satisfy their needs and wants.
• An important element of choice theory is the notion that the brain stores need-satisfying images that serve as a guide to behavior. The five basic needs are survival, belonging, power, freedom, and fun.
• The goal of reality therapy is help people define their wants, evaluate their behaviors, and make concrete plans for fulfilling their needs.

MAJOR METHODS AND TECHNIQUES

·         Structuring

Ø  The counselor helps clients to adjust their expectations and gives them a realistic hope for change.

·         Confrontation

Ø   Confronted with present reality and eventually they will need to face the questions for the clients.

·         Contracts

Ø  Agreement signed by both the client and his/her therapist further reinforces a commitment to follow through. Contracts provides concrete evidence of their intention to change their behavior.

·         Instruction

Ø  The therapist should be competent so that they know how to teach or instruct the client in order to meet their goals.

·         Skillful Questioning

Ø  The therapist helps the clients to evaluate their behavior by asking a direct question.

·         Emphasizing Choice

Ø  The therapist help the clients by giving an options where the clients have a freedom to choice to live by their own standards.

·         Role Playing

Ø  Is a technique that presents clients’ behavior and allow them to rehearse the events that cause their anxiety. During a role-playing activity, clients learn to prepare for the consequences of their behavior, including their feelings while performing the activity.

·         Support

Ø  Once the clients see that their therapist encourages and supports them that he or she believes in them, their motivation and self-efficacy increases. Inevitably, the therapists trust and support communicates a sense of self-worth, and it is this growing feeling of being worthwhile that give clients more energy to live responsibly.

·         Constructive Debate

Ø  When therapist and clients challenge one anothers ideas and values, it demonstrates that they have values worth defending, that what they have to say is worthwhile and is taken seriously. Through constructive debate, clients learn they can contribute meaningfully to the therapeutic process.

·         Humor

Ø  Knowing that clients can be brought closer to reality through the therapeutic use of humor, the reality therapist occasionally uses humor in a sensitive manner. Used appropriately, humor can help clients gain a healthy ability to laugh at themselves- to become less introspective and more objective.

·         Self-Disclosure

Ø  Reality therapist share personal experiences and struggles and open themselves up to reveal their humanity, even to the point of questioning their own values or uncovering their own weaknesses.

·         Positive Addictions

Ø  Glasser encourages his clients to choose positive addictions that lead to more satisfactory ways living or anything that may help them reach a healthy high.

·         Assessment

Ø  Although the counselor in reality therapy makes little attempt to test, diagnose interpret, or otherwise assess clients, he or she evaluate their progress toward desired goals.

Application

          At the outset aspect of the therapy   it is crucial that the therapist must be involved, that he / she established a caring rapport within the context of a professional helping relationships and that the the therapist remain positive and emphasize the clients strength . client’s behavior is [presumed to be an  attempt at some point of control, a means of satisfying a want or need, the therapist then needs to persuade them to  own up to what they are doing now. The client’s  not the therapist who must learn to evaluate their behavior to know whether what they are doing is helping their situation. Clients with failure identities are particularly reluctant to commit change. At this point the therapist will brook no excuses. The therapist needs to eliminate punishment, which usually involves another person controlling the clients lives. As we can see in the whole process of the therapist he had this courage to pursue the whole treatment. He never gives up instead his looking forward the possibility of change. The reality therapy is applied to a wide variety of clinical issues. It was used in different kinds of problem of the people. Here the essential issues in the therapy is on Glasser’s approach it has been illustrated in the case of pat a young, wealthy, overindulged satisfactorily married and has two children. As a therapist Glasser invested in Pat and he help her to become responsible for what she really wants., which is the reduction of her weight.          The therapist found hard in dealing with pat for her behavior but after a long run of therapy. This said therapy continuous slowly because Pat is not cooperating at some time. Pat rejected Glasser a number of times but he pursue and take a little effort to get the trust and respect from Pat. Eventually in the process Pat learn to accept that only herself can make her responsible. After almost a year Glasser now point out Pat’s behavior that she need to remove and that is being “irresponsible”. After Pat learn to be responsible she take a little chance to change. Pat felt a keener sense of achievement and she lost 50 pounds. In the therapy the client must understand that she only needs to accept her present situation and be open to changes to finally found achievements. The client are not ill they are just weak.

Submitted by BEED III-A:

Michelle Doong

Rachel Fraga 

Liezel Mundala

Jennifer Murao

Ryan Capucao